Manufacturers use adhesives to fabricate numerous filter components - to assemble the filter media itself, bond the filter media into a frame or install the gasket. Filter manufacturers long have used PVC plastisols as an adhesive and to cast. They require no mixing and can be pumped directly from a drum. They also cure through exposure to high heat for at least 10 minutes. Low viscosity of the glues is considered as a drawback which makes the glue useless. Nanoparticles are able to promote the viscosity of PVC glues by acting as nano-fillers.